Semax is a synthetic nootropic peptide derived from a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), developed in Russia in the 1980s. It is approved in Russia and Ukraine for medical use in conditions like ischemic stroke, cognitive disorders, and optic nerve atrophy, but is not FDA-approved in the U.S.
It works by:
Increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)
Modulating dopamine and serotonin systems
Enhancing cerebral blood flow and providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects
Key benefits:
Cognitive enhancement: improved memory, focus, and learning
Neuroprotection and recovery: supports stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s)
Mood regulation: reduces anxiety and mental fatigue
Nerve regeneration and optic nerve support
Administered primarily as a nasal spray, it has a rapid onset (15–20 minutes) and is typically used in 5–14 day cycles, repeated every 1–3 months.
Side effects are generally mild and include nasal irritation, headaches, restlessness, or insomnia if taken late in the day. Rarely, it may cause increased blood pressure or glucose fluctuations in diabetics.